267 Effect of dietary cereal β-glucan on digestive physiology, gut health, and growth in pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract To manage gut health in pigs, dietary β-glucans from small grains have been explored for their functional characteristics. The Canadian Prairies and Northern Great Plains in the USA are prime production areas for small grains. Of these grains, barley and oats have the greatest content of β-glucan that have a linear structure with β-(1→4) and β-(1→3) linkages. These grains can thus be used as dietary sources of cereal β-glucans. Using crop breeding, grain cultivars with enhanced content of β-glucan have been developed. Cereal β-glucans can also be fractionated from the grain matrix using dry or wet fractionation resulting in β-glucan concentrates. Historically, cereal β-glucans were classified as soluble fiber and regarded as anti-nutritional factor. Consequently, β-glucanases were developed for feed supplementation and added to swine diets to increase growth performance, especially for young pigs. More recently, barley grain replaced wheat in diets formulated to equal net energy and standardized ileal digestible amino acid content and fed to young pigs. Under those conditions, feeding barley-based diets fed to nursery pigs did not reduce feed intake, gain, or gain-to-feed, indicating that cereal β-glucans do not reduce growth performance, with occasionally an advantage to feeding barley-based diets. Cereal β-glucans are now classified as fermentable fiber and the extent of viscosity generated will depend partly on its molecular weight. Feeding concentrated cereal β-glucan to pigs will increase digesta viscosity in the stomach that will delay gastric emptying and thereby reduce peak net portal appearance of glucose that will be absorbed following digestion of dietary starch. Cereal β-glucan may inhibit reabsorption of bile salts thereby increasing their neo-synthesis that may reduce plasma cholesterol. Finally, the main reason for including cereal β-glucans in diets for young pigs is their prebiotic activity by serving a fermentable carbohydrate. Cereal β-glucans are associated with increased short-chain fatty acid production in the gut, increased Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus that are associated with enhanced gut health and may decrease enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli adherence to enterocytes. In conclusion, dietary cereal β-glucans can modulate digestive physiology in pigs and thereby enhance gut health of pigs, without directly affective growth performance of pigs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".