171 Effects of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation on growth performance, bone mineral content, immunological parameters and antioxidant capacity of nursery pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) supplementation on growth performance, blood immunological parameters and antioxidant capacity of nursery pigs. A total of 72 newly weaned piglets (5.63 ± 0.98 kg initial body weight; weaned at 17.9 ± 1.59 d of age) were allotted to 3 treatments in 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen based on body weight, sex, breed, and littermates for a 28-d feeding trial with two phases of d 0-14 (Phase 1) and d 14-28 (Phase 2) postweaning. Treatments were: 1) VD: basal diet with 2,000 IU/kg VD3 supplementation, 2) MIX: basal diet with 1,000 IU/kg VD3 + 1,000 IU/kg 25-OHD3 supplementation, and 3) 25D: basal diet with 2,000 IU/kg 25-OHD3 supplementation. Body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio were measured, and blood samples were collected at d 14 and 28 postweaning for the analysis of plasma 25-OHD3, immunoglobulin G and A, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde levels. At d 28 postweaning, 6 pigs were sacrificed to collect femur samples that were analyzed for bone mineral content and density via a DEXA scan. There were no significant differences in body weight, average daily gain, and gain to feed ratio among treatments during the entire nursery period, while pigs fed the diets supplemented with 25-OHD3 (MIX and 25D treatments) tended to have greater average daily feed intake (P = 0.06; 0.826, 0.920, and 0.902 kg/d for VD, MIX, and 25D, respectively) than those fed the VD diet in d 14-28 postweaning. There were no significant differences in bone density and mineral content among dietary treatments at d 28 postweaning. Plasma 25-OHD3 levels were greater in pigs fed the MIX and 25D diets than those fed the VD diet at d 14 and 28 postweaning (P < 0.05; 16.55, 41.80, and 50.25 ng/mL for VD, MIX, and 25D, respectively at d 28) in which the 25D treatment resulted in greater values than the MIX treatment (P = 0.06). There was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase activity while pigs fed the diets supplemented with 25-OHD3 tended to have lower malondialdehyde levels (P = 0.06; 12.11, 9.62, and 10.01 µM for VD, MIX, and 25D, respectively) than those fed the VD diet at d 28 postweaning. There were no significant differences in plasma immunoglobulin A and G levels among treatments at d 14 and 28 postweaning. In conclusion, supplementing 25-OHD3 to nursery pig diets could enhance blood VD3 status and feed intake and reduce oxidative stress in the late nursery period compared with VD3 supplementation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".