Biosurfactant-producing bacteria counteract hydrocarbon-driven delay of sulfolane migration in groundwater
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sulfolane is a worldwide water-soluble pollutant, which typically migrates rapidly in impacted aquifers, with risks to water bodies and drinking water wells. Sulfolane migration may be delayed in sites co-polluted by hydrocarbons, which move more slowly and in which sulfolane partitions. However, when bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa aerobically biodegrade hydrocarbons and sulfolane, they generate biosurfactants (such as rhamnolipids). These enclose sulfolane within micelles and droplets, as seen by optical microscopy, and hamper its partitioning into hydrocarbons, as shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Therefore, biosurfactants have the potential to accelerate sulfolane migration in groundwater, compared to scenarios where biosurfactant-producing bacteria are absent. These findings will aid safe management of impacted sites, where aerobic bacterial bioremediation is used for pollutant clean-up. When aerobic bacterial activity is promoted to enable pollutant biodegradation, sulfolane migration may accelerate before clean-up is complete, begging for careful monitoring of pollutant plumes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".