Cost-analysis and rationale for implementing semi-urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy programs in a public healthcare system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wait times for elective surgical procedures in publicly funded healthcare systems impede patient well-being and resource efficiency. Patients with gallstone disease requiring semi-urgent intervention are often treated via inpatient emergency pathways due to limited elective surgery access. This study aimed to evaluate the rationale and cost-effectiveness of providing timely outpatient semi-urgent cholecystectomy. We retrospectively reviewed 512 patients with urgent biliary disease (excluding cholecystitis) who underwent surgery between July 2019 and December 2022. The primary outcome was time from booking to operating room; the secondary was the estimated cost of prolonged hospital stays. Patients waited an average of 26.45 hours; 19.1% waited 48 hours or longer, and 6.2% waited 72 hours or more. The associated cost was $405,785 over 40 months. Implementing semi-urgent surgical resources could reduce costs, improve efficiency, and enhance patient quality of life. Future work should involve stakeholders to address barriers and facilitators in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".