Familiarity deficits in aMCI under conditions that minimize the influence of recollection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Familiarity, the sense of knowing without recalling specific details, plays a critical role in memory processing and is mediated by the perirhinal cortex (PRC), a brain region that is critical for differentiating objects with high feature overlap, and is affected first by amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Investigating familiarity in aMCI is crucial for insights into early diagnostic markers of cognitive impairment. METHOD: We conducted two studies probing familiarity in aMCI. The first study employed a response deadline procedure (RDP) where participants were presented with pictures of objects and then completed an item recognition test under two deadlines: a long deadline of 5000 ms, indexing recollection, and a short deadline of 1200ms, indexing familiarity. The second study utilized a frequency judgment (FJ) task in which participants saw pictures of highly similar objects a variable number of times, and then were asked how many times each object was presented. Their frequency judgments were correlated with the actual presentation frequencies as a measure of familiarity. RESULTS: In the RDP, individuals with aMCI had significantly lower recognition accuracy than healthy counterparts, in the long and short deadline, indicating impaired recollection and familiarity. In the FJ task, individuals with aMCI had significantly lower frequency judgment correlations, indicating impaired familiarity. DISCUSSION: These results highlight the importance of minimizing the role of recollection when aiming to understand familiarity deficits and underscore the potential of familiarity as an early diagnostic marker of cognitive decline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".