Science and Technology Policy: Toward a Framework to Address Inequality Gaps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The objective of this chapter is to reflect on the presence and persistence of sources of gender inequality in science and technology (S&T), and the challenges they pose for public policy aimed at promoting research and development (R&D) in academia. Despite several efforts to address gender gaps in the production of knowledge, prevalent institutional barriers for women persist, affecting the optimal implementation of actions to address gender gaps. These gaps have significant implications for society. First, denying under-represented groups the opportunity to participate in S&T and in the creation of knowledge biases the selection of problems in these fields and limits the solutions to those problems to only a portion of society. Second, failing to address gender gaps perpetuates the foundational barriers and social disadvantages that prevent diverse groups from participating in knowledge creation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.019 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".