Toxicological Evaluation of the Sweet Protein Brazzein Derived From <scp> <i>Komagataella phaffii</i> </scp> for Use as a Sweetener in Foods and Beverages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brazzein is a promising new protein sweetener that has gained significant attention by the food and beverage industry in recent years. Brazzein has a sweetness intensity significantly greater than that of other low- and no-calorie sweeteners currently on the global market and can provide a comparable sweetness at lower use levels within food and beverage products. In this study, a safety assessment of the sweet protein brazzein, produced from the fermentation of Komagataella phaffii, was undertaken in an in vitro digestibility study, an in silico allergenicity assessment, an in vitro reverse mutation assay, an in vitro mammalian micronucleus assay, and a 90-day oral toxicity study in rats. The results of the in silico and in vitro studies indicate that brazzein is not readily digestible, does not have allergenic potential, and does not have genotoxic or mutagenic potential. In the 90-day toxicity study, brazzein was not associated with any adverse systemic effects at up to 2000 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested. The dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight/day was concluded to be the no observed adverse effect level. The findings from the current safety assessment demonstrate that brazzein is safe for use as a sweetener in foods and beverages for human consumption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".