Disruption of MAPK signalling and amino acid biosynthesis underlies the antifungal biocontrol mechanism of <i>Coniochaeta velutina</i> against <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>: a transcriptome and metabolome analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a destructive pathogen that causes significant economic and ecological losses in agricultural and forestry production. In search of effective biocontrol agents, this study isolated an endophytic fungus, Coniochaeta velutina, from healthy Camellia oleifera leaves and investigated its in vitro inhibitory mechanism on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. These findings were used to evaluate the differences in gene expression and metabolite content between the treatment ( Coniochaeta velutina-treated Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and control (untreated Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) groups. The transcriptomic analysis detected a total of 15 310 expressed genes, with 3938 showing significant differential expression ( p < 0.05) (2093 upregulated and 1845 downregulated genes). These genes were enriched primarily in the following pathways: mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, antibiotic biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, carbon metabolism, and peroxidase pathways. Metabolomic analysis revealed 452 metabolites in both groups, with 138 showing significant differences. These genes were enriched mainly in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Transcriptome and metabolome association analyses, along with qRT-PCR results, revealed that the levels of intracellular pectolinarigenin metabolites significantly increased in the treatment group, leading to disrupted MAPK signalling and reduced amino acid biosynthesis, which are essential for maintaining normal cell growth. Notably, the decrease in terpenoid compounds was the primary reason that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was inhibited by the biocontrol fungus Coniochaeta velutina. Therefore, these findings provide valuable insights into the biocontrol mechanisms of Coniochaeta velutina against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and offer a promising foundation for the development of new anthracnose prevention and control strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".