Curing effects on strength, small strain stiffness, and microstructure of a lime-treated lean clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a multi-scale investigation of curing effect on the strength, stiffness, and microstructure of a lime-treated decomposed red mudstone (LDRM). Particular emphasis was assigned to develop a unified framework characterizing the development of the strength and small strain stiffness with curing period. Uniaxial compression tests and bender element tests were conducted on LDRM compacted at three void ratios and two lime contents up to 8640 h (360 days) of curing. Three-stage behavior, namely, initial curing, primary curing, and secondary curing was clearly identified, from which a power model was proposed to capture the S-shape evolution curve. The separation between three stages were clearly identified by examining the inflection point on the S-shape curve and the tangent at the inflection point. The proposed model applied well to not only LDRM, but also to a range of artificial soils. Changes in the pore size distribution and microfabric of LDRM during long-term curing were confirmed by mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscope analyses. In detail, the progressive agglomeration and the transition in pore volume were considered as the structural interplay responsible for the increase in strength and small strain stiffness of LDRM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".