Anthrax knowledge, perception, and preventive practices of livestock workers and household animal owners in Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Anthrax outbreaks pose significant public health and socioeconomic challenges. Following the recent outbreaks, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, perception and preventive practices of livestock workers and household animal owners regarding anthrax and the associated socioeconomic implications in Nigeria. Methods A pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. In all, 1025 respondents in seven of the 36 states in Nigeria were selected and assessed based on reported anthrax outbreaks, neighbouring states to outbreak locations, and livestock presence. Univariate analysis was done, and Chi-square test statistics and binary logistic regression were used to test for significant association between the knowledge, perception and independent variables. Results Of the 1025 respondents, 58.6% and 79.9% demonstrated good knowledge (score ≥ 36 of 72) and positive perception (score ≥ 15 of 24), respectively. Twenty-two percent had never taken any preventive measures against anthrax, and only 27.7% knew about the anthrax vaccination programme for livestock. Exactly 23.8% indicated that regulations imposed during the anthrax outbreak affected their livestock-related activities, while 40.6% were worried they might go out of business due to the anthrax outbreak. The respondents' knowledge was significantly associated with being aware (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 5.35; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): CI: 3.12 – 9.18). Conclusions The study highlights the need for targeted educational programs to bridge knowledge and perception gaps and improve preventive practices
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".