Species traits modulate ecological release in island red devil spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ecological release, defined as the expansion of range, habitat and/or resource usage by an organism following a reduction in competitors, is ubiquitous in oceanic islands. Species colonising recently formed islands, whose ancestors evolved in highly competitive environments, may experience relaxed selection because of reduced diversity of not only competitors, but also predators and parasites. Indeed, factors other than competition may also be involved in determining the species' ability to expand their niche. Ecological specialisation, for instance, has been frequently considered an irreversible change, preventing the reversal to more generalist states. Here, we integrate geometric morphometric methods, stable isotope analyses and species distribution models using the spider genus Dysdera as a model organism to explore the implications of different cheliceral morphotypes related to different trophic adaptations on the species' ability to undergo ecological release. Contrary to our expectations, species with morphotypes associated with a more specialised diet tend to expand their trophic niche, increase their spatial range and modify their phenotype more similarly across the same area of morphospace when compared to generalist species. This outcome might be explained by their ability to feed on isopods, a prey typically rejected by most predators, along with other arthropods. This specialisation may have been crucial in expanding their ecological niche compared to generalist species. Our study constitutes one of the first examples of using a multidisciplinary approach to better understand the effects of ecological release on colonising species with supposed different trophic preferences.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".