The Cleridae and Thanerocleridae of eastern North America, with illustrated keys, updated distributions, and special emphasis on the Kentucky fauna
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Species of Cleridae and Thanerocleridae in North America can be challenging to identify; with the exception of dichotomous keys in a handful of recent generic revisions, the few published keys for portions of this region are outdated and not well illustrated, and many taxonomic changes have occurred since their publication dates. To address this, we first compiled a list of 62 clerid and three thaneroclerid species occurring in eastern North America by examining thousands of specimens from dozens of collections with significant holdings of these taxa and combing the literature. We present fully illustrated dichotomous keys that will make identification relatively straightforward, even by those with little experience. For each species, we document its distribution (including 142 new state, 5 new provincial, and 2 new country records), and summarize its natural history, chemical attractants, mimicry and other pertinent information. Because the fauna of Kentucky is generally underreported, we put special emphasis on the fauna of the state and report detailed records for each of the 34 species for which we examined specimens, including 11 new state records. Phyllobaenus dubius (Wolcott, 1912) and P. iownesis (Chapin, 1922) are designated junior synonyms of P. pubescens (LeConte, 1849), new synonymies. Our over-arching goal for this paper is to be the launch pad for research involving clerids and thaneroclerids in eastern North America by facilitating species identification and presenting detailed biological information for each.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".