Genome-wide association mapping of net form net blotch resistance in barley at seedling and adult plant stages
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Net form net blotch (NFNB) caused by Pyrenophora tere s f. sp. teres ( Ptt ) is an emerging barley disease in several countries. It causes severe yield and quality losses due to infection of leaves, kernels, and stems. Owing to the inherent genetic diversity of Ptt , the incorporation of qualitative and quantitative resistance is important to obtain barley cultivars with durable resistance to NFNB. For this purpose, an association mapping panel named HI-AM (high-input association mapping panel) was screened for resistance to NFNB at the seedling stage with two virulent Moroccan Ptt isolates ( Ptt 40–3 and Ptt 45-3) under controlled conditions, and at the adult plant stage at four hot spot locations in Morocco during different cropping seasons (2016–17 and 2017–18). Genome-wide association mapping (GWAM) was conducted using 13,182 PAV (presence or absence variations) and 6,311 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for mapping of seedling and adult plant resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs). GWAM analysis revealed 19 QTLs for the seedling stage and 35 QTLs for the adult plant stage resistance. Of the 54 QTLs detected, 38 QTLs from this study overlapped with previously reported QTLs, while 16 QTLs were novel. Furthermore, two common seedling stage resistance and six common adult plant stage QTLs were detected, while only three QTLs overlapped for both growth stages. Seedling stage QTLs together explained 40% of the genetic variance for seedling resistance to Ptt isolate Ptt 40-3, and 69% for isolate Ptt 45-3, whereas the genetic variance of the QTLs for adult plant stage resistance ranged from 35% to 85%. This panel was previously used for other GWAM studies, including resistance to spot blotch and stripe rust of barley. By mapping of significant markers for three different diseases on the Morex genome version 3.0, we have identified 13 common QTLs associated with resistance to net blotch and spot blotch, and three QTLs associated with resistance to all three diseases. The identification and introgression of common QTLs conditioning resistance to three pathogens could help in attaining durable disease-resistance in barley in North Africa.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it