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Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Ilari Rautalin, Victor Volovici, Benjamin Stark, Catherine O. Johnson, Jaakko Kaprio, Miikka Korja, Rita Krishnamurthi, Balakrishnan Nair, Annemarei Ranta, Gabriël J.E. Rinkel, Mervyn D. I. Vergouwen, Yohannes Abate, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Atef Abdelkader, Parsa Abdi, Arash Abdollahi, Auwal Abdullahi, Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Mohamed Abouzid, Dariush Abtahi, Samir Abu‐Rumeileh, Ahmed Abualhasan, Hasan Abualruz, Hana J Abukhadijah, Ahmed Abu‐Zaid, Lawan Hassan Adamu, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Saryia Adra, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, Williams Agyemang‐Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Budi Aji, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Yazan A. Al‐Ajlouni, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Mohammed ALBashtawy, Mohammed Usman Ali, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Yousef Alimohamadi, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Mahmoud A. 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Bibliographic record
VenueJAMA Neurology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicIntracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
Canadian institutionsUniversity of CalgaryUniversity of ManitobaUniversity of TorontoSunnybrook Health Science CentreUniversity of WaterlooUniversity of British ColumbiaMcMaster UniversityQueen's UniversityCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthMemorial University of Newfoundland
FundersDivision of Mathematical SciencesNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeDipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-BicoccaKerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical SciencesHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIRussian Academy of SciencesJapan Science and Technology AgencyCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchDepartment of Medicine, Georgetown UniversityLeonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicPan American Health OrganizationHolden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of IowaSchool of Medicine, Indiana UniversityLeonard M. Miller School of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoSchool of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionPrecursory Research for Embryonic Science and TechnologyAjman UniversityAlfaisal UniversityUniversitas Sam RatulangiHong Kong GovernmentUK Dementia Research InstituteCentral University of KeralaUniversity of NizwaUniwersytet Śląski w KatowicachImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityChina Medical University, TaiwanSwedish Orphan BiovitrumChettinad Academy of Research and EducationUniversity of KelaniyaMarga und Walter Boll-StiftungUniversity of ThessalyŚląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w KatowicachUniversity of ColomboIstituto Auxologico ItalianoMansoura UniversityXiamen UniversityNational Institute of Technology RourkelaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroFondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaNanjing UniversityNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyUniversität zu KölnTartu ÜlikoolUniversity of TabrizNational Cheng Kung UniversityIstituto Ortopedico Rizzoli di BolognaShaqra UniversityUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisUniversitatea din BucureștiZagazig UniversityUniversity of IsfahanWachemo UniversityUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaApplied Science Private UniversityYangzhou UniversityUniversidade do PortoUniversidade Federal de Juiz de ForaBill and Melinda Gates FoundationFondazione CariploFederation University AustraliaManagement and Science UniversityOulun YliopistoBahir Dar UniversityAdamas UniversityMedical University - VarnaVirginia Commonwealth UniversityAsia UniversityUniversità di BolognaUniversitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie "Carol Davila" BucureştiMittuniversitetetShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesQueensland HealthShahrekord University of Medical SciencesBabol University of Medical SciencesLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenUniversity of JordanPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityUniwersytet ŁódzkiUniversidad de AntioquiaBirjand University of Medical SciencesUniversitair Medisch Centrum GroningenInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialDivision of Human Resource DevelopmentChinese University of Hong KongUniversitas PadjadjaranMassachusetts General HospitalMashhad University of Medical SciencesInyuvesi Yakwazulu-NataliNational Taiwan UniversityUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterAgios PharmaceuticalsYork UniversityTehran University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesUniversiteit StellenboschUniversity of CyprusTabriz University of Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityKarolinska InstitutetUniversiti MalayaIsfahan University of Medical SciencesConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCase Western Reserve UniversityFudan UniversityRiphah International UniversityGeneralitat de CatalunyaInternational Medical UniversityAristotle University of ThessalonikiIslamic Azad UniversityWellcome TrustChandigarh UniversityKorea UniversityUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreKU LeuvenSeoul National UniversityUniversity of PennsylvaniaNational Taiwan Normal UniversityNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensUniversity of CanberraCairo UniversityFakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U KragujevcuUniversiti Putra MalaysiaShiraz University of Medical SciencesAin Shams UniversityUniversity of TsukubaUmm Al-Qura UniversityUniversity of TorontoImperial College LondonPublic Health EnglandErasmus Universiteit RotterdamCurtin University of TechnologyCOMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyUniversity of New EnglandUniversity of QueenslandJames Cook UniversitySungkyunkwan UniversityChina Medical UniversityHallym UniversityJazan UniversityGriffith UniversityRajshahi UniversityUniversity of New South WalesQatar UniversityCharles Sturt UniversityMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityChitkara UniversitySingapore Eye Research InstituteAmity UniversityUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaNorthwestern UniversityUniversity of ZanjanUniversity of WashingtonUniversità degli Studi dell'AquilaUniversity of BristolMoscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyEmory UniversityUniversità di CataniaNational Development and Reform CommissionCardiff UniversityUniversity of ConnecticutU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsBioCrystIndian Council of Medical ResearchUniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium MedicumUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUniversity College LondonShiraz UniversityKing's College LondonH. Lundbeck A/SCoventry UniversityKasturba Medical College, ManipalUnited International UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversityUniversity of WarwickNational Institutes of HealthNational University of SingaporeStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityUniversidad de ColimaAlexandria UniversityUniversity of KufaEuropean CommissionGeorgetown UniversityUniversity of MiamiAhmadu Bello UniversityTurun YliopistoJimma UniversityYale UniversityLebanese American UniversityUniversity of Agriculture, PeshawarJamia Millia IslamiaJordan University of Science and TechnologyDartmouth CollegeNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterNovo NordiskUniversity of LeedsApplied Molecular Biosciences UnitPublic Health Foundation of IndiaUniversity of Massachusetts DartmouthUniversity of SouthamptonNational Heart Foundation of AustraliaCSL BehringIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCSQueensland University of TechnologyBiomedical Research CouncilACT GovernmentUniversidade de São PauloGonabad University of Medical SciencesTomsk Polytechnic UniversityMcMaster UniversityNew York University Abu DhabiJanssen Scientific AffairsFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneyUniversiti Brunei DarussalamTurun Yliopistollinen KeskussairaalaKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyUniversity of OxfordMinistero della SaluteUniversitas AirlanggaHouston Methodist HospitalSunnybrook Research InstituteUniversitas IndonesiaSalahaddin University-ErbilPatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityUniversity of MontanaArizona State UniversityUniversidad Europea de MadridHouston Methodist Research InstituteIran University of Medical SciencesUniversiteit UtrechtFlinders UniversityRajarata University of Sri LankaNorges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige UniversitetNorwegian Institute of Public HealthAmerican Heart AssociationRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonAjou UniversityDirectorate for Biological SciencesSaveetha Dental CollegeHarokopio UniversityUniversity of WaterlooUniversity of TasmaniaTeva Pharmaceutical IndustriesKurdistan University Of Medical SciencesBrody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityZahedan University of Medical SciencesHarvard UniversityWarwick Medical SchoolDeutsches KrebsforschungszentrumRigshospitaletPomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny W SzczecinieUniversità degli Studi di MilanoUrmia University of Medical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityPfizerAteneo de Manila UniversityHögskolan DalarnaRijksuniversiteit GroningenChulalongkorn UniversityUniversity of GlasgowTaipei Medical UniversityCleveland ClinicHarvard Business SchoolJenderal Soedirman UniversityGovernment of CanadaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceSchool of Medicine, Johns Hopkins UniversityUniversity of MinnesotaWestern Sydney UniversityBrown UniversityAlexion PharmaceuticalsKatolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla IIShahrekord UniversityMazandaran University of Medical SciencesUrmia UniversityWorld Health OrganizationBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteUniversity of BernZanjan University of Medical SciencesUniversity of GondarUnited Arab Emirates UniversityBrigham and Women's HospitalKerman University of Medical SciencesTrường Đại học Duy TânEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesIndian Institute of Technology MandiBangladesh University of Health SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterEli Lilly and CompanyUniversitetet i BergenKing Saud UniversityNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteAstraZenecaMonash UniversityWashington University in St. Louis
KeywordsMedicineEpidemiologyBurden of diseaseSubarachnoid hemorrhageStroke (engine)Disease burdenIncidence (geometry)PopulationDemographyLatin AmericansCross-sectional studyMortality rateEnvironmental healthSurgeryInternal medicinePathology
Abstract
OpenAlex records an abstract for this work, but it could not be fetched just now.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.761
Threshold uncertainty score0.293
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.276
Teacher spread0.260 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations26
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes