Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed, and a Platinum as First-Line Therapy for Metastatic Nonsquamous NSCLC: Phase 3 LEAP-006 Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We present the LEAP-006 (NCT03829319) phase 3 study evaluating the addition of lenvatinib to first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC. METHODS: Adults with previously untreated stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC without targetable genetic alterations were randomized 1:1 to lenvatinib 8 mg/d or placebo once daily plus pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks with pemetrexed and carboplatin or cisplatin for 4 cycles, followed by pembrolizumab (≤35 total cycles) and pemetrexed until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Primary end points were progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Part 1 was an open-label safety run-in of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab and chemotherapy; part 2 was the randomized, double-blind study. RESULTS: Participants (n = 748) were randomized to the lenvatinib (n = 375) or placebo (n = 373) arms. Median follow-up at final analysis (August 11, 2023) for OS was 36.8 months. Median (95% confidence interval [CI]) progression-free survival was 12.1 (10.4-14.1) versus 9.5 (8.3-10.7) months in the lenvatinib and placebo arms, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.74-1.05]; 1-sided p = 0.07976). Median (95% CI) OS was 21.8 (18.6-24.0) versus 22.1 (19.7-24.2) months (hazard ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.88-1.26]; 1-sided p = 0.70818). Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events occurred in 69.7% and 55.6% of participants, respectively (grade 5, 5.6% versus 2.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Adding lenvatinib to first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy did not improve efficacy versus pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC without targetable genetic alterations. There were no new safety signals. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy remains a standard of care for this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/), NCT03829319.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".