Rare plant’s need for native pollinators threatened by invasive plant-pollinator relationship
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many flowering plants rely on pollination for their reproductive success, but the introduction of non-native plants can impact these essential plant-pollinator relationships. Chloropyron maritimum ssp. maritimum is a rare salt marsh plant that has been known to benefit from insect pollination, and its habitat is being encroached on by the non-native Limonium duriusculum. We use plant-pollinator observation, network analysis, and small-scale experimental removal of L. duriusculum to understand which insects are visiting C. maritimum maritimum, and the impact, if any, of L. durisiculum on C. maritimum maritimum pollination and the plant-pollinator network. We documented infrequent visitation to C. maritimum maritimum at the Carpinteria Salt Marsh, California, USA, with native bees being the only observed C. maritimum maritimum visitors. We found that the pollinator composition of C. maritimum maritimum and L. duriusculum were significantly different. The vast majority (96%) of L. duriusculum visitors were two non-native insect species (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera and Diptera: Eristalinus aeneus), neither of which entered C. maritimum maritimum flowers. The experimental removal of L. duriusculum had no effect on C. maritimum maritimum visitation. However, the plant-pollinator network was more nested, more connected and had higher specialization when L. duriusculum was removed. Future studies should implement larger-scale removal to further investigate these findings. Additionally, subsequent work should investigate if there is adequate nesting habitat for C. maritimum maritimum pollinators in surrounding areas, to ensure the survival of the few plant-pollinator interactions this rare plant currently maintains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".