Enterococcus faescium filtrate suppresses Salmonella Heidelberg in broilers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective was to investigate the ability of a filtrate produced by the lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus sp. to control Salmonella Heidelberg in vivo. We determined that Enterococcus sp. had an antagonistic effect on Salmonella Heidelberg, based on in vitro testing (spot-on-the-lawn method). For in vivo studies, broiler chickens (n = 32), 15 d old, were allocated into 4 groups. Filtrate was given prophylactically once daily orally at 15-19 d of age to 8 birds, followed by an S. Heidelberg challenge to 16 birds at 20 d; 5 of 8 and 3 of 8 birds in treated and control groups, respectively (P = 0.32), had < 10 CFU/g of S. Heidelberg in their cecum at 21 d. In a therapeutic study with 16 birds challenged with S. Heidelberg at 15 d, we gave to 8 birds oral therapeutic filtrate once a day at 16 to 20 d had 5250 cfu/g of the pathogen in the cecum versus 912,950 cfu/g in the control, a 174-fold reduction. We concluded that filtrate has potential as a non-antibiotic approach to control S. Heidelberg in vivo.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".