Association between gut microbiota and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Many studies have shown that allergic rhinitis (AR) is closely related to intestinal flora, and probiotics are effective in treatment. However, the results of human observational studies on the correlation between intestinal flora and AR have been contradictory. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gut microbiota and allergic rhinitis and to provide a clinical reference. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Cinahl databases were searched, and the literature on the correlation between allergic rhinitis and the gut microbiota reported from database establishment to December 2023 was included. Literature meeting the inclusion criteria was screened, and meta-analysis of the included literature was performed using R software (4.3.3). Literature quality underwent assessment utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Hedge’s g standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity ( I 2 ) for alpha diversity were calculated. Median interquartile range (IQR) were calculated as effect statistics for the abundance of bacteria. The Egger test determined publication bias in the literature. Results A total of 10 observational studies in humans were conducted, identifying 550 patients with AR and 385 healthy individuals. No statistically significant differences were observed in alpha diversity between two groups, including Shannon index (SMD = −0.3938, 95% CI [−0.9847–0.1972], I 2 = 94%), Simpson index (SMD = −0.16, 95% CI [−1.12–0.80], I 2 = 96%) and Chao1 index (SMD = −0.00, 95% CI [−1.32–1.32], I 2 = 97%). We performed a meta-analysis for the following four phyla, but found no significant differences: Firmicutes (95% CI [−0.10–0.19], I 2 = 75%), Bacteroidetes (95% CI [−0.42–0.19], I 2 = 95%), Proteobacteria (95% CI [−0.06–0.03], I 2 = 92%), Actinobacteria (95% CI [−0.09–0.03], I 2 = 83%). Conclusions The currently available evidence does not suggest that patients with allergic rhinitis may have similar intestinal flora imbalances. Nevertheless, further corroboration is required with larger samples and higher-quality studies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".