Vascular endothelial dysfunction in pediatric rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives Endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in individuals with autoimmune diseases. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing endothelial function with functional methods in order to examine the differences on endothelium in children with rheumatic diseases versus controls.Methods Literature search involved PubMed and Scopus databases from inception to February 2024 and manual search of article references. Studies assessing endothelial function by all available functional methods were eligible. Quality of studies was evaluated via Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Results Twenty-four studies (880 children with rheumatic diseases, 784 controls) were included in meta-analysis. In pooled analysis, a pronounced endothelial dysfunction was observed among patients with pediatric rheumatic diseases compared to controls (SMD: -0.74, 95%CI -1.10 to -0.39) but with high heterogeneity (I2 = 91%, p < 0.001); this was also confirmed in the sensitivity analysis including only high-quality studies (SMD: -0.83, 95%CI -1.20 to -0.46). In subgroup analyses according to type of rheumatic disease, a significantly impaired endothelial function was showed for patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SMD: -1.05, 95%CI -1.84 to -0.25), vasculitis (SMD: -0.74, 95%CI -1.11 to -0.37) and juvenile systemic sclerosis (SMD -2.48, 95%CI -4.34 to -0.61).Conclusions Patients with pediatric rheumatic diseases show an impaired endothelial function. Future studies are needed to elucidate whether vascular endothelial dysfunction is involved in high cardiovascular risk of children with rheumatic diseases.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023413799
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.033 | 0.015 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".