Global insights on the diagnosis, management, and prevention of pediatric ingestions: A report from the FISPGHAN expert panel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review of pediatric foreign body (FB) ingestions, emphasizing the global burden, epidemiology, and management strategies. Predominantly occurring in children under 6, with a peak between 6 months and 3 years, these incidents pose significant health risks with substantial regional variations in ingested objects-ranging from household items to caustic substances. The pathophysiological effects of ingestions are outlined, highlighting specific dangers associated with button batteries, sharp objects, and caustic agents, which can lead to severe tissue damage and long-term complications. A survey of (70) pediatric gastroenterologists from FISPGHAN societies revealed varied regional practices in the frequency of different FB ingestions with food impaction highest in North America and Ocenaia and caustic ingestion more common is Asia. Button batterers were serious concerns across all regions. Management approaches, specifically intubation practice varied across regions. A review of management protocols for different types of ingestions are provided, emphasizing the urgency of endoscopic removal and follow-up care. Prevention strategies are critical, with a focus on public health interventions, legislation, and education to mitigate the risks associated with FB and caustic ingestions. This report underscores the need for enhanced preventive measures and uniform management guidelines to reduce the incidence and improve outcomes of pediatric ingestions worldwide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".