Dietary Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prior to a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Demonstrates a Dose–Response Effect for Neuroprotective Benefits in Male C57BL/6 Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Of the ∼40 million cases of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) documented globally each year, the majority are sustained during sports and recreational activities. Evidence has suggested the use of nutritional supplementation, notably n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), can provide neuroprotective benefits. Objectives This study sought to examine the dose-response of consuming a n-3 PUFA diet prior to a mTBI on recovery and functional performance measures in mice. Methods For five weeks, male C57BL6/J mice were fed ad libitum on isocaloric diets high in n-3 PUFA (3N3), moderate n-3 PUFA (1N3) or, n-6 PUFA (0N3) as a control. At 9-10 weeks of age, mice were anesthetized in an induction chamber prior to receiving a mild brain injury induced using a weight drop injury model. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post-hoc analysis was used to assess between groups differences in functional recovery measures of righting reflex (RR) and time to seek (TTS) immediately following injury. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of diet groups and time on functional performance measures indicated by neurological severity score (NSS) 1, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours (H) post-mTBI. Results There were no significant differences in recovery measures however, the 3N3 group demonstrated the fastest recovery post-mTBI and had significantly improved functional performance (p<0.05) compared to the 0N3 group determined by NSS testing. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc indicated the 3N3 group had significantly improved functional performance (p<0.05) at 4H post-mTBI compared to the 0N3 group. Conclusions Overall, these results show dietary n-3 PUFA confer neuroprotective benefits in mice resulting in significantly improved functional outcomes. This work is relevant to clinical practitioners, athletes, and the general population who aim to support their neurological health through dietary or supplementary n-3 PUFA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".