Molecular characterization and chromosomal distribution of <i>Tc1/mariner</i> transposons in <i>Boana</i> species (Anura, Hylidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transposable elements play an important role in determining the size and structure of eukaryotic genomes. Represented by several families, the Tc1/mariner superfamily is widely distributed in animal and plant genomes, and its structure has been characterized. Boana is a Neotropical genus of treefrogs, and despite the frequent 2 n = 24 chromosomes found in its representatives, the karyotypic organization of the species cannot be considered conserved due to the scarcity of studies focusing on chromosomal mapping of repetitive DNA sequences. Here, Tc1/mariner elements were isolated and mapped on the chromosomes of three Boana species, followed by structural and phylogenetic analysis. The physical mapping revealed dispersed signals in euchromatin with small accumulations in some heterochromatic regions. All Tc1/ mariner transposons isolated in this study presented high sequence integrity, suggesting that these elements had a recent invasion phase and are active in the host genomes of these frog species. Boana albopuntata and Boana faber presented a DD36E signature, while Boana prasina showed a new DD37E signature with a similar organizational structure and a close relationship with the known DD36E/ Incomer family. These findings improve our understanding of the diversity of Tc1/ mariner transposons and their role in the evolution of the hylid frog genome and karyotype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".