Retinoblastoma patient outcomes in the contemporary era: The RIVERBOAT Consortium.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
10062 Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common childhood eye tumor. Intraocular RB cure rates approach 100%. Therefore, treatment now focuses on globe salvage and preserving functional vision. The Research into Visual Endpoints and RB Health Outcomes After Treatment (RIVERBOAT) consortium was established to examine patient outcomes in the transitional era from systemic to intraocular therapy. Methods: Patients with RB treated at 13 North American centers from 2008-2022 were identified. Medical record abstraction was performed for disease presentation, visual acuity, treatment, globe salvage and functional outcome. Enrollment on the study included submission of retrospective data and prospective data on newly diagnosed patients as well as retrospective data from chart reviews. Results: 830 patients (68% white race, 77% non-Hispanic ethnicity) were enrolled. In 420 of these, data was limited to chart review. Median age at diagnosis of the 830 patients (1165 eyes) was 1 year (0 - 16.3) and at enrollment was 7.8 years (0 - 28.6). 60% had unilateral disease and the eye group distribution (International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification) was 10% A, 16% B, 12% C, 31% D, 27% E, and 4% unknown (UK). Of the 1165 affected eyes, major treatment modalities included primary enucleation (15%), systemic chemotherapy (SC) (36%), intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) (10%), SC followed by IAC in 9%, and intravitreal chemotherapy in combination in 6%. SC only was used in 55-59% of those with A-C eyes compared to 29% of D eyes. IAC only was used in 20% of D eyes and 16% of C eyes. Secondary enucleation occurred in 151 eyes (14%): 63/416 (15%) of SC; 34/120 (28%) of IAC; 25/106 (24%) of SC followed by IAC; 29/523 (6%) other treatments. The overall globe salvage rate was 86%. Second malignancies occurred in 5, metastatic disease in 8 and pineoblastoma in 3 patients. Eleven patients died of RB (1%). Visual acuity after treatment was reported in 229 eyes: 106 (eye group 24 A, 37 B, 22 C, 19 D, 3 E, 1 UK) had normal vision (20/20-20/40). 38 eyes, (6 A, 11 B, 4 C, 10 D, 5 E, 2 UK) had moderate vision loss ( > 20/40 – 20/70). Twenty-five eyes (5 B, 2 C, 16 D, 2 E) had low vision ( > 20/70 < 20/200), and 60 eyes (12 B, 7 C, 32 D, 8 E, 1 UK) were legally blind (>20/200). In those treated with IAC only, normal vision was found in 30% of eyes, moderate vision loss in 22%, low vision in 13%, and legal blindness in 35%. In those treated with SC only, normal vision was noted in 53% of eyes, moderate vision loss in 11%, low vision in 11%, and legal blindness in 25%. In those treated with SC followed by IAC, normal vision was reported in 32%, moderate vision in 26%, low vision in 5% and legal blindness in 37%. Conclusions: We demonstrate the significant benefits witnessed by the evolution of RB therapy. Cure rates remain high, with a very low incidence of second malignancies, metastatic disease or trilateral RB. Eye salvage rate was excellent, avoiding low vision or legal blindness in two-thirds of the patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".