Sorption of U(IV) on MX-80, illite, shale and limestone in Na-Ca-Cl solutions
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Uranium has been identified as an element of interest for the safety assessment of a deep geological repository (DGR) for used nuclear fuel. This paper studied the sorption of tetravalent U(IV) onto MX-80 bentonite, illite, shale and limestone in ionic strength 0.1 – 6 mol/kgw (m) Na-Ca-Cl solutions at pH m = 4 – 10 (for MX-80, illite, shale) and pH m = 5 – 10 (for limestone) under reducing conditions. Sorption of U(IV) on MX-80 increased with pH m until pH m = 8 and then reached a sorption plateau. Sorption of U(IV) on illite and shale increased from pH m = 4 to 5 and then reached a sorption plateau. Sorption of U(IV) on limestone increased with pH m up to pH m = 7 and then steeply decreased with pH m . Sorption of U(IV) on all four solids was not influenced by the ionic strength of Na-Ca-Cl solutions. The sorption of U(IV) onto MX-80 and illite in Na-Ca-Cl solutions was successfully simulated by a 2 site protolysis non-electrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange (2SPNE SC/CE) model using three inner-sphere surface complexation reactions. Values of surface complexation constants (log K 0 ) were optimized.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it