Sorption of U(IV) on MX-80, illite, shale and limestone in Na-Ca-Cl solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Uranium has been identified as an element of interest for the safety assessment of a deep geological repository (DGR) for used nuclear fuel. This paper studied the sorption of tetravalent U(IV) onto MX-80 bentonite, illite, shale and limestone in ionic strength 0.1 – 6 mol/kgw (m) Na-Ca-Cl solutions at pH m = 4 – 10 (for MX-80, illite, shale) and pH m = 5 – 10 (for limestone) under reducing conditions. Sorption of U(IV) on MX-80 increased with pH m until pH m = 8 and then reached a sorption plateau. Sorption of U(IV) on illite and shale increased from pH m = 4 to 5 and then reached a sorption plateau. Sorption of U(IV) on limestone increased with pH m up to pH m = 7 and then steeply decreased with pH m . Sorption of U(IV) on all four solids was not influenced by the ionic strength of Na-Ca-Cl solutions. The sorption of U(IV) onto MX-80 and illite in Na-Ca-Cl solutions was successfully simulated by a 2 site protolysis non-electrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange (2SPNE SC/CE) model using three inner-sphere surface complexation reactions. Values of surface complexation constants (log K 0 ) were optimized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".