Analysis of MFGE8 expression and regional localization in glioblastoma tumor samples at diagnosis and relapse.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
e14016 Background: Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (MFGE8) is an immunomodulatory protein with an increasingly recognized role in cancer. It plays a role in tumor progression, and its expression is associated with poor prognosis. However, its expression patterns and prognostic significance in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common brain tumor in adults, remain unclear. This study investigates the localization and clinical relevance of MFGE8 in GBM. Methods: We identified 11 adult patients at our center who had both an initial diagnosis and a relapse biopsy of GBM. The specimens were analyzed using immunofluorescence staining for MFGE8, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), CD68, CD163, IL-6, P16, and Lamin B1. Tumor, necrotic, and parenchymal regions were identified via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining by a central nervous system pathologist. Expression levels were quantified using the Visiopharm Integrator System software for automated image and co-expression analysis. Results: MFGE8 was highly co-expressed with GFAP and predominantly localized in tumor regions compared to necrotic or parenchymal areas. Increased MFGE8 expression correlated with a shorter progression-free survival (Spearman correlation: -0.69, p = 0.0289), highlighting its association with poor prognosis. Interestingly, in patients relapsing within 24 months, a marked reduction in Lamin B1 expression was observed in tumor regions (19.49% vs. 3.06%, p = 0.0390). Meanwhile, MFGE8 expression remained consistent between diagnostic and relapsed specimens (MFI: 11.87 vs. 12.84, p = 0.1602). Conclusions: The strong co-expression of MFGE8 with GFAP highlights its involvement in glioblastoma pathogenesis and progression. The role of Lamin B1 expression in GBM remains underexplored. Although Lamin B1 loss is linked to senescence, it may also promote cancer progression, as observed in lung cancer. These findings suggest that Lamin B1 and MFGE8 could represent potential biomarkers for aggressive tumor behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".