Impacts of supplementation with pomegranate on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aims It has been suggested that supplementation with pomegranate (PO) may improve the risk factors related with cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the impact of PO supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors and CMS. Data synthesis A comprehensive search of major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was implemented to identify appropriate RCTs that were published until January 2024. A random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis and I 2 was used to report the heterogeneity between included studies. After the screening of the search results a 53 RCTs with 2306 participants included in this meta-analysis. The findings revealed that PO supplementation substantially reduced body weight (standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.14 kg, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.03; P=0.01), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SMD: -0.39 mmHg, 95% CI: -0.59, -0.18; P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (SMD: -0.17 kg/m 2 , 95% CI: -0.30, -0.04; P=0.01), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD: -0.49 mmHg, 95% CI: -0.68, -0.31; P<0.001), serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) (SMD: -0.15 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.26, -0.04; P=0.01), and total cholesterol (TC) (SMD: -0.12 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.00; P=0.04) while elevating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (SMD: 0.27 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.47; P<0.001) compared to control groups. No substantial changes were observed in waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), waist circumference (WC), serum values of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), alanine transaminase (ALT), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), insulin, and aspartate transferase (AST) levels between PO and placebo groups. Conclusion PO consumption may improve specific risk factors associated with CMS. Further RCTs with extended durations and larger sample sizes are suggested to corroborate these findings. PROSPERO registration number CRD42024557368
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.016 | 0.035 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".