Cranial osteology and reassessment of the historically collected South African gorgonopsians FMNH UC 1513 (Lycaenops cf. L. angusticeps) and AMNH FARB 5537 (Lycaenops angusticeps)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lycaenops contains one of the most anatomically complete gorgonopsian specimens (AMNHFARB 2240) known and is thought to represent one of the more taxonomically diverse forms, with several species historically attributed to it. Despite this, many species in this complex, aside from the type species, L. ornatus, are not well defined, requiring substantial revisions. At present, Lycaenops likely represents a ‘wastebasket taxon’, as an overly generic morphological grouping that includes any medium-sized gorgonopsians with a reduced postcanine series, long snout, slender skull arches, and moderate to minor cranial pachyostosis.Here we provide a reassessment of the cranial osteology for two specimens previously assigned to Lycaenops including AMNH FARB 5537, the holotype of ‘L. angusticeps’, and FMNH UC 1513, the holotype of ‘Scymnognathus major’ that was later assigned to ‘L. cf. L. angusticeps’. Furthermore, FMNH UC 1513 has never been comprehensively assessed, with the original description being both brief and dated. Our anatomical and phylogenetic assessment of both specimens support their assignment to Lycaenops. We suggest that‘L. angusticeps’ be regarded as a nomen dubium and refer FMNH UC 1513 to a yet to be described Lycaenops species pending a more comprehensive study of variation (e.g., differing proportions of the snout among other characteristics) within the genus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".