Conservation genetics of the threatened wetland plant Eriocaulon nudicuspe: application of GRAS-Di sequencing technology and implications for restoration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Eriocaulon nudicuspe is a threatened plant species distributed at discrete seepage wetlands in Central Honshu, Japan. These wetlands have been present over a million years and functioned as refugia during the glacial periods. The species is an endemic of the wetland ecosystems, but its natural habitats are fragmented by land development. We aimed to identify the genetic structure and diversity of E. nudicuspe and to assess the implications for conservation. We performed Genotyping by Random Amplicon Sequencing-Direct (GRAS-Di) and selected 2349 SNPs that were genotyped in 102 individuals from 14 natural and 2 human-established populations. Genetic population structure analyses identified four genetic groups: eastern, northern central, southern central, and western. Demographic modelling suggested that first three groups (eastern, central, and western) simultaneously diverged in prehistoric times, followed by the central group diverging into northern and southern groups. Observed heterozygosity was lower in the populations at the edge of the species’ distribution than in the others, probably due to foundation effects associated with the limitation of suitable habitats. The human-established populations had similar genetic diversity and composition to those of the geographically closest natural populations, indicating a low risk of outbreeding depression or genetic bottleneck. We propose four major conservation units, which can be useful for the development of strategies for ex-situ conservation and genetic management of restoration. Although conservation of remnant natural populations should be prioritized, establishing new populations with adequate genetic management seems an effective option to restore connectivity between wetlands isolated by urbanization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".