Family stress and resilience to earthquake-related economic hardship in Turkish families with preschool children.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Life-threatening earthquakes can lead to immediate and prolonged economic hardship that challenges the lives of the survivors. We know little about (a) how these economic risks impact families with preschool children, that is, the health of parents, the behavior of their children, and their relationships, and (b) the necessary family resources that support them. We utilized the Family Stress Model and multisystemic resilience theory to examine the effects of economic hardship on families with preschoolers who recently experienced an earthquake, focusing on ways to enhance their resilience. This study used an exploratory, data-driven statistical approach to analyze cross-sectional data from 377 families (children's age range = 4-6) that experienced the Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Türkiye in February 2023. Economic risk showed a direct relationship with problematic child behavior, which was associated with parental depression and the child-parent relationship, which provides additional perspectives on the Family Stress Model. Higher levels of economic hardship were associated with significantly lower levels of most family resources, with meaning making following adversity acting as a mediator for these effects. A combination of family communication, problem solving, and social and economic resources was identified as important for all family members, while lower levels of family spirituality were additionally important for children's resilience. Because most family resources were directly associated with parental depression, interventions should prioritize supporting parents so they can, in turn, better care for their young children. Future research utilizing the Family Stress Model should examine potential bidirectional effects between parental health and child behavior, particularly in disaster contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".