Interrelationship between the menstrual cycle and the phenomena associated with orthodontic tooth movement in young female patients: a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Alterations in the levels of female sex hormones throughout the menstrual cycle can affect bone turnover, which, in turn, may influence the phenomena related to orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of the present study was to investigate in a systematic manner and summarize the existing evidence regarding the interrelationship between the menstrual cycle and the phenomena associated with orthodontic treatment in young females. METHOD: An unrestricted search was performed. Studies investigating the interdependence between the menstrual cycle in young females and the phenomena associated with tooth movement were reviewed. Study retrieval and selection were followed by extraction of relevant data and risk of bias assessment with the Cochrane ROB 2 tool for randomized controlled studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the remaining studies. RESULTS: Finally, seven studies, with variable risk of bias, met the inclusion criteria. Overall, force application during menstruation led to greater tooth movement. Orthodontic pain increased when forces were applied in the luteal phase and was exacerbated when patients presented with primary dysmenorrhea. Orthodontic treatment did not affect the duration of menstrual bleeding or cycle length in the long term. CONCLUSION: The menstrual cycle may exert an effect on the phenomena associated with orthodontic tooth movement: an orthodontist should therefore be able to identify possible repercussions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".