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Record W4410885367 · doi:10.3138/tjt-2024-0058

Which Limits of Virtual Religious Life? On the Experience of Holy in the Digital Age

2025· article· en· W4410885367 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Veronica Cibotaru

Bibliographic record

VenueToronto Journal of Theology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicMedia, Religion, Digital Communication
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPhilosophyAestheticsSociologyArt

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In this article the possibility of an online Eucharist is assessed as a special case of virtual religious life and of a digital experience of the holy. More precisely, two types of arguments are given against the possibility of an online Eucharist—of a theological and of a phenomenological nature. While the theological argument highlights the shared and receptive dimension of the Eucharist, which makes possible its intrinsically communal and incarnated nature, the phenomenological argument shows that this receptive and shared dimension presupposes the materiality of the host, which in its turn makes possible the experience of its holiness, namely as that which cannot be profaned through bodily actions. Here Otto's and Eliade's opposition between the holy and the profane is revisited, whereby the holy is conceived not merely as the opposite of the profane, but as that which cannot be profaned, and as that which implies the prohibition of particular actions and bodily gestures that can be carried out only on a material object. Hence, materiality and holiness are intrinsically correlated following this understanding of the holy. Drawing on this reinterpretation of the concept of holy, it is argued that virtuality cannot preserve the materiality and consequently the holy dimension of the host, and for this reason, that it cannot preserve the receptive and shared dimension of the Eucharist. Hence, despite advances in digital technology, the Eucharist appears to be an insuperable limit of virtual religious life, at least in our contemporary world and its current digital possibilities.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.439
Threshold uncertainty score0.198

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.031
GPT teacher head0.272
Teacher spread0.241 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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