Incidence and Risk Factors of Post‐Lumbar Puncture Headache in Patients With Cognitive Impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is prevalent among the elderly population. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker tests are employed to facilitate timely and differential diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate incidence and risk factors of post-lumbar puncture headache (PLPH) in Chinese geriatric patients with cognitive impairment. METHODS: A total of 254 consecutive patients with cognitive impairment were recruited between March and September 2023 and categorized into two groups: mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Different scales, such as the short-form of the McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), facial visual analogue scale (F-VAS), revised Wong-Baker Assessment of Facial Expression Pain (FPS-R), and Chinese version of Pain Assessment Scale for Advanced Dementia (C-PAINAD), were used to evaluate the incidence of headache after lumbar puncture. Univariate and multivariate factor analyses were conducted to identify potential risk factors, with the most influential predictors included in regression models. RESULTS: Among patients with cognitive disorders, the incidence of PLPH was 24.8%. The incidence and duration of headache did not differ significantly between the MCI and dementia groups. The average time of post-lumbar puncture headache (PLPH) was 22.9 h. There was no significant difference in headache scale scores between MCI patients. The incidence of PLPH in women with cognitive impairment was higher than that in men. The incidence of PLPH in cognitive impairment patients with a history of headache was significantly higher than that in cognitive impairment patients without a history of headache. However, no significant differences were observed in years of education, number of lumbar punctures, length of bed rest, and oral rehydration volume. CONCLUSION: PLPH is more commonly observed in women, individuals with a history of headache, younger age, or lower body mass index (BMI). C-PAINAD and SF-MPQ are the preferred assessment tools for evaluating PLPH in patients with cognitive impairment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".