Typology, Risk, and Protective Factors of Reproductive Coercion: A Narrative Literature Review of Studies from the US, Canada, Australia, and Europe
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Reproductive coercion refers to attempts to control reproductive choices, often exerted by an intimate partner or a family member. Introduced by Miller et al. (2010), this concept highlights the link between reproductive coercion and unintended pregnancies, as well as its impact on sexual and reproductive autonomy. Although frequently associated with intimate partner violence, some research emphasizes its occurrence outside of this context. Objectives: Reproductive coercion, defined as acts that directly interfere with contraception and compromise women's reproductive autonomy, was first formally described in 2010. Since then, numerous studies have examined its prevalence, forms, and consequences for reproductive health, primarily it to intimate partner violence and domestic violence. This study aims to update the current understanding of CR, including its occurrence beyond the context of intimate partner violence. Method: A strategic literature search was conducted using ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, Scopus and PubMed to identify published articles that used reproductive coercion and related terms as keywords. A total of 68 articles met the inclusion criteria, addressing the prevalence, forms, contexts, risk factors, and existing intervention strategies related to reproductive coercion. Results: The findings reveal that while reproductive coercion often occurs within intimate partner relationships, it can also involve family members or structural factors. Common tactics include contraception sabotage, pressure to pursue unwanted pregnancies, and coercion in pregnancy-related decision-making, often accompanied by violence or psychological manipulation. Prevalence rates vary widely and are often imprecise, with higher rates observed in the presence of intimate partner violence. Identified risk factors include gender inequality, socio-economic disadvantage, and minority status. However, protective factors remain underexplored. Current prevention strategies focus on healthcare-based screening and public awareness campaigns, although their effectiveness remains limited. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for further research into reproductive coercion across diverse populations, the role of perpetrators, and cases occurring outside of intimate partner violence contexts, to better inform prevention and intervention efforts.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it