Levansucrases: a review of their catalytic properties, product characterization and applications in food systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Owing to the promising physiological effects of levan and levan-type fructooligosaccharides, levansucrase (LS, EC 2.4.1.10) has garnered much interest in recent years for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications. LS is a fructosyl-transferase that catalyzes the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides by acquiring a fructosyl residue from a donor molecule and performing non-Leloir transfer to an acceptor molecule. The mechanism of action of LS toward various carbohydrates has been well documented, and increasing interest has been drawn to the ability of alkyl and phenolic compounds to act as acceptor substrates for LS-catalyzed transfructosylation reactions. Many studies have also focused on improving the production of LSs and their product spectrum, whether by increasing their overall activity or shifting their selectivity toward a particular reaction. With these advances, the possibility of applying LS to food processing has gradually gained momentum. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the catalytic properties of LS and full characterization of its reaction products. We then discuss some applications of microbial LS for the biogeneration of functional ingredients in food systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".