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Record W4411009175 · doi:10.1708/4509.45085

The effect of workload on the development of burnout syndrome in Covid-19 intensive care nurses: a systematic review

2025· review· en· W4411009175 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Silvano Biagiola, Norma Alfieri, Sofia Di Mario, Giulia Evangelista, Daniela Grima, S Sodo, Giuseppe Torre

Bibliographic record

VenueRivista di psichiatria · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicCOVID-19 and Mental Health
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBurnoutWorkloadCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)2019-20 coronavirus outbreakSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)MedicineBurnout syndromeIntensive careNursingPsychologyIntensive care medicineClinical psychologyComputer scienceVirologyInternal medicineOutbreak

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, it is well-known that burnout is a syndrome that mainly affects the helping professions. The nursing profession is obviously among those categories of workers that can develop burnout and, precisely because of its proximity to people who suffer associated with high workloads characterized by high emotional impacts. AIM: The aim of this systematic review is, therefore, to highlight whether the high nursing workload during the pandemic has contributed to the onset of burnout syndrome in nurses who served in intensive care units (ICUs) dedicated to the care of Covid-19 patients. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out. The main scientific databases were consulted, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and CINAHL analyzing all the papers present in literature. Using PRISMA guidelines, fifteen articles were included in the review. The protocol for this review has been registered on PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024502094). The quality assessment of the articles included in this review was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. RESULTS: In accordance with the literature, all the 15 included studies documented high levels of burnout among ICU professionals, nevertheless those levels were greater than the ones registered in the pre-pandemic period. In Covid-19 era, nurses experienced higher levels of burnout compared to other professions and working as a nurse was identified as an independent risk factor for increased risk of burnout. As reported by all included studies, the overwhelming severity of Covid-19 patients entailed a significant increase in workload for health care providers, particularly nurses. Ultimately, this increase showed a significant correlation with increased burnout risk. CONCLUSIONS: The review highlights the correlation between workload and burnout of nurses in Covid-19 intensive care units. It is expected that this and other studies will contribute to a better understanding of the importance of assigning the adequate workload to nurses.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Systematic review · Consensus signal: Systematic review
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.141
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0050.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.044
GPT teacher head0.435
Teacher spread0.391 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designSystematic review
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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