Clarifying diversity in the radiation of Chorthippus grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) through an integration of genomic and morphometric approaches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rapid species radiations driven by sexual selection present challenges to species delimitation due to limited ecological and morphological divergence among taxa. Combining multilocus genomic markers with morphometric analyses can provide insights into taxonomy and evolutionary history in such groups. We examine three grasshopper species of the genus Chorthippus, which radiated primarily through behavioral isolation via divergence in male calling songs, the main diagnostic species trait. Our study clarifies evolutionary relationships among five taxa classified by song: species (C. biguttulus, C. brunneus), subspecies (C. mollis mollis, C. mollis ignifer), and aberrant forms (C. brunneus ab. ticino). Morphometric analyses reveal that wing morphology follows the differentiation in male calling song, serving as proxy for distinguishing species groups. However, genomic analyses show greater divergence than expected between subspecies with the mollis song type and there seems to be cryptic diversity within C. mollis ignifer. Furthermore, local varieties with intermediate traits are genetically identical to C. brunneus, rejecting a hypothesis of hybrid origin. These findings demonstrate that song and wing morphology aid in delimiting taxa but are unreliable indicators of lineage diversity, underscoring the need for integrating genomic markers with morphometrics to understand the taxonomic and evolutionary history of radiations driven by sexual selection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".