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Record W4411026921 · doi:10.1080/00822884.2025.2500252

Fishing and the Exploration of North America

2025· article· en· W4411026921 on OpenAlex
Raymonde Litalien

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueTerrae Incognitae · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicArchaeology and Natural History
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFishingGeographyArchaeologyHistoryFisheryBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Throughout history, the imperative need for food and shelter have forced populations to move. Europeans did not reach the Americas until the end of the first millennium AD. They found rich food resources there, particularly in aquatic fauna. At that time, inhabitants of Northern Europe, called Vikings, after reaching European shores and migrating to Greenland, continued their journey south and settled on the coasts and islands of what is now Canada. Along with the other inhabitants already there, they lived off local resources, including fishing, which they had long practiced using proven methods. On the other hand, and at the same time, cetacean hunters from the Bay of Biscay sailed toward the North Atlantic in pursuit of these mammals, which provided them with oil used in a variety of ways. Pursuing their prey through the currents along the coast of North America, sailors arrived in the waters of Newfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where they also found cod in abundance. So, as early as the 15th century, the inhabitants of the European Atlantic coast began the crossing to the Newfoundland Banks, then to the shores where they engaged, during the spring and summer, in cod fishing, which they dried in the open air before loading their ships with it. Faced with this discovery, the European powers wanted to better understand this territory and seek a passage to Asia. Little by little, North America was then mapped. And cod fishing continued to be practiced by Europeans until the end of the 20th century, helping to maintain links between the two continents. This article summarizes the early history of European exploitation of North America’s maritime resources.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.768
Threshold uncertainty score0.742

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.292
Teacher spread0.271 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it