Bibliographic record
Abstract
Throughout history, the imperative need for food and shelter have forced populations to move. Europeans did not reach the Americas until the end of the first millennium AD. They found rich food resources there, particularly in aquatic fauna. At that time, inhabitants of Northern Europe, called Vikings, after reaching European shores and migrating to Greenland, continued their journey south and settled on the coasts and islands of what is now Canada. Along with the other inhabitants already there, they lived off local resources, including fishing, which they had long practiced using proven methods. On the other hand, and at the same time, cetacean hunters from the Bay of Biscay sailed toward the North Atlantic in pursuit of these mammals, which provided them with oil used in a variety of ways. Pursuing their prey through the currents along the coast of North America, sailors arrived in the waters of Newfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where they also found cod in abundance. So, as early as the 15th century, the inhabitants of the European Atlantic coast began the crossing to the Newfoundland Banks, then to the shores where they engaged, during the spring and summer, in cod fishing, which they dried in the open air before loading their ships with it. Faced with this discovery, the European powers wanted to better understand this territory and seek a passage to Asia. Little by little, North America was then mapped. And cod fishing continued to be practiced by Europeans until the end of the 20th century, helping to maintain links between the two continents. This article summarizes the early history of European exploitation of North America’s maritime resources.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".