Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amidst today’s housing crisis, there is much to learn from the large-scale cooperative housing experiments that occurred in Canada throughout the 1980s. In Toronto, the Beguinage and Constance Hamilton — two cooperatives for women — developed from urgent calls to reimagine single-women households. Like the Arauco, housing for Chilean refugees, these identity-led initiatives remain successful examples of non-profit housing. By analysing the participatory processes involving politicians, academics, and architects, as well as activist collectives that spurred and emerged from these projects, this paper draws upon the notion of expanded commons to illustrate the broader socio-political discourses surrounding women’s cooperative housing. Using the framework of the “carescape” proposed by Sophie Bowlby, the paper explores the socio-temporal dimensions of informal care practices and reveals the processes of maintenance that are required to support long-term and flexible care exchanges and to promote the accessibility of collectivity. Follow-ups with current cooperative members, architects, and advocates for these initiatives show that cooperative housing has built communities and provided financially viable modes of housing, although more meaningful efforts are needed to sustain continuous participation and community cohesion, over time, so that a cooperative can be a lifelong home.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".