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Record W4411045304 · doi:10.1177/10497323251337566

What Are the Barriers and Supports to a Return to Health From Long COVID? A Qualitative Study Designed, Developed, and Conducted by Individuals With Lived Experience of Long COVID

2025· article· en· W4411045304 on OpenAlexafffundabout
Ingrid Nielssen, Sarah H. Olson, Susie Goulding, Shiraz Bohja, Min Yu, Rodel Paguirigan, Elaine McEntee, Marcia Bruce, Nicole McKenzie, Paul Fairie, Maria Santana

Bibliographic record

VenueQualitative Health Research · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicLong-Term Effects of COVID-19
Canadian institutionsAlberta Health ServicesCanadian Patient Safety InstituteCalgary Laboratory ServicesAlberta HealthUniversity of Calgary
FundersUniversity Hospital FoundationCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchAlberta Innovates
KeywordsThematic analysisQualitative researchPsychologyCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Mental healthFocus groupPaceHealth carePeer supportNursingMedical educationMedicineSociologyPolitical sciencePsychiatryDisease

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Long COVID is a debilitating and persistent illness that affects individuals in multiple and dynamic ways. Because of the significant physical, emotional, and economic impacts long COVID holds on individuals, their families, and society more broadly, it is imperative that a multi-faceted approach is taken to the long COVID research that aims to improve outcomes for those affected. Expertise about the barriers and supports to accessing appropriate, patient-centered care is best provided by those with lived experience. A Patient and Community Engagement Research (PaCER) team of student researchers, all with lived experience of long COVID, conducted a qualitative study to understand barriers and supports to a return to health for those living with long COVID. This online study was informed by Canada-wide participants all living with long COVID. Patient experience and perspective data were collected through peer-to-peer focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The team used a thematic and a thematic and narrative analysis approach to identify six themes: Challenges Within Medical Systems to Keep Pace With Novel Condition, Impact of Long COVID Condition on Mental Well-Being, Money Matters, Managing Personal Energy Capacity, Resources and Supports for Long COVID Care and Recovery, and Disregard Participants Felt Toward Their Health and Well-Being. They identified 21 subthemes. This patient-directed study yielded essential recommendations to supporting a return to health for those living with long COVID to enable them to re-engage with their previous family, social, employment, and other relational activities. In addition to demonstrating more inclusive approaches to including long COVID patients in the research that impacts them, the study results can inform more appropriate person-centered healthcare, planning, and policy for those living with, and for those who will be living with, long COVID going forward.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.025
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.020
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.100
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0250.020
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.215
GPT teacher head0.562
Teacher spread0.347 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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