A Cross-Sectional Survey of Reproductive, Gynecological, and Breast Health Outcomes Among People in Provincial Prisons for Women in Atlantic Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Previous quantitative research on reproductive health needs among women in prison in Canada has been limited to Ontario and Alberta. We conducted this cross-sectional survey of reproductive, gynecological, and breast health outcomes of people experiencing provincial incarceration in the 4 provinces of Atlantic Canada. METHODS: We adapted a survey instrument with consultation from lived experience experts. Fifty questions were asked about demographics and reproductive, gynecological, and breast health. The survey was administered on paper, in person at each of the 4 provincial prisons for women in Atlantic Canada. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Of 90 participants, 27% identified as Indigenous, 40% as bisexual or lesbian, with a median age of 35 years. Overall, 4 out of 5 participants reported having children under the age of 18 years. A total of 94% had ever been pregnant, 81% reported having had an unintended pregnancy and 50% who had ever been pregnant had had an abortion. The most used types of contraception included the male condom and birth control pill. Overall, 41% had ever had a positive test for chlamydia and 40% had ever had a positive test for hepatitis C. A total of 39% had a Pap test within the last 3 years. Of those eligible for screening based on age and provincial guidelines, 38% had ever had a mammogram. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this survey among people in provincial prisons highlight health disparities and gaps in access compared with people in the community. These findings can inform future studies of access to health services within and outside of the prison setting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".