Wettability Alteration of Basalt Induced by Carbon Mineralization Reactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon mineralization in basalt provides an effective approach to achieve rapid and permanent storage of anthropogenic CO 2 by converting it to stable carbonates. Wettability, a critical factor governing the migration behavior and trapping mechanisms of CO 2, would be impacted by dissolution and precipitation reactions of minerals. However, the evolution of basalt wettability during rock–fluid interaction process remains uncharacterized. In this work, CO 2 –basalt–fluid batch experiments were carried out. And the wettability alteration, surface geometry, and chemistry were characterized and comprehensively analyzed. The results showed the transition of basalt wettability from a weakly water-wet state to a strongly water-wet state as the reaction progressed. This transformation can be attributed to two factors. First, the increased surface roughness promoted a stronger water-wet rock surface, especially during the dissolution stage. Second, there was a decline in the abundance of hydrophobic minerals and an increase in those with hydrophilic properties as silicates dissolved and carbonates and clays precipitated, which further contributed to the hydrophilic wetting state during the dissolution–precipitation stage. This change in wettability leads to an increase in capillary entry pressure for CO 2, thus restricting its migration distance and reducing the potential for leakage. Moreover, this alteration promotes the effective trapping of CO 2 through structural and residual trapping, although additional research is required to fully understand its impact on mineral trapping.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".