Pre-Removal Detention: Length, Conditions, and Oversight
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Deportation 257 undocumented migrants in Canada who are contributing to Canadian communities. 37 Since then, successive ministers have said work is ongoing on a plan, with the minister indicating recently that it would not emerge soon due to disagreements within the Cabinet. 38 Pre-Removal Detention: Length, Conditions, and OversightMost detention decisions must be reviewed by the Immigration Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board within fortyeight hours, then after seven days and every thirty days thereafter. 39 However, if a person is a "designated foreign national" or is named in a security certificate, ongoing reviews of their detention are only required every six months after the initial review.The concept of a designated foreign national was introduced in 2012 by the Conservative government.It empowers the Minister of Public Safety to make such a designation if there are reasonable grounds to suspect that a person's arrival was associated with a 37 Holly McKenzie-Sutterholly, "Migrants across Canada Call on Ottawa for Action on Regularization, Permanent Status," CTV News, 18 September 2022, https:// www.ctvnews.ca/canada/migrants-across-canada-call-on-ottawa-for-action-on-regularization-permanent-status-1.6073893;Jill Macyshon, "Canada Is Deporting More People Faster, Drawing Concern from Migrant Advocates," CTV News, 8 December 2023, https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-is-deporting-more -
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".