Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction:We aimed to evaluate the association between membranous urethral length (MUL) and post-prostatectomy continence by systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: Multiple databases were searched up to November 13, 2023.Articles evaluating continence 12 months post-radical prostatectomy were included (Figure 1).The risk of bias was assessed using QUIPS.The association between longer MUL and continence was evaluated using meta-analysis with random effects.A sensitivity analysis removing high-risk-of-bias studies was performed.Publication bias was evaluated with Egger's test.Certainty of evidence was determined using a GRADE approach.(PROSPERO protocol: CRD42023483229).Results: Thirty studies (11 239 patients) were included.The risk of bias was low in more than 75% of the studies regarding measurement, confounding, and statistical analysis/reporting (Figure 2).The risk of attrition bias was high in more than half of the studies.The range of mean MUL between studies ranged from 9.3-15.6mm.Longer MUL (usually dichotomized at the median) was associated with greater probability of continence (15 studies, 4025 patients; pooled RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.18, 1.44, p<0.0001) (Figure 3).After excluding high-risk-of-bias studies, the association between longer MUL and continence remained significant (pooled RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08, 1.29, p=0.003).The certainty of the association between MUL and continence was moderate.Conclusions: Longer preoperative MRI measured MUL is associated with better postoperative urinary continence by 12 months after radical prostatectomy, regardless of continence definition, assessment method, or risk of bias.MP 1.2. Figure 1.Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression for predictors of reclassification in very low-and low-risk PCa patients.(A) Reclassification-free survival by risk group.(B) Treatment-free survival by risk group.MP 1.2.Table 1.Cox proportional hazards regression of prognostic variables MP 1.3.Figure 1.PRISMA flow diagram of the screened studies.MP 1.3.Figure 2. Risk of bias assessment of the 30 studies included.MP 1.3.Figure 3. Unadjusted risk ratios with 95% CIs of membranous urethral length (MUL) and probability of continence 12 months after radical prostatectomy.Studies were arranged based on risk of bias from lowest to highest.*p<0.05.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.449 | 0.243 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".