The Journey of Fatherhood: A Community-Led and Father-Focused Approach to Understanding Indigenous Parenting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The experience of Indigenous men as they become fathers is not well documented in the literature, and available parenting programming in Canada often does not account for their unique perspectives. Supports and resources for expecting parents can be an effective way to support the transition to parenthood, yet most programs focus on women and mothers and integrate only Euro-Western approaches and values of parenting. Providing resources that meet the needs of Indigenous fathers is important, as a father’s involvement in the lives of his children has been demonstrated to have significant benefits, including improving parent–infant attachment and a reduction in parental depression. Using Charmaz’s grounded theory approach, this community-led study seeks to understand the transition to fatherhood experienced by Indigenous men. A total of 18 Indigenous men participated in semi-structured interviews to share their experiences of becoming fathers, and their programming needs. A Steering Committee including Indigenous community members and parents guided the creation and implementation of the project, including participating in collaborative data analysis. The core category, the Journey of Fatherhood is organized into five sub-categories: visioning fatherhood, planning for fatherhood, the birth of a baby, pursuing fatherhood, and navigating fatherhood. The findings support a new understanding of the transition to fatherhood for Indigenous men, highlighting a holistic approach to parenting and an appreciation for life-long learning. Incorporating an understanding of the Journey of Fatherhood into local parenting programs and resources may better meet the needs of Indigenous fathers and their families, and improve their engagement in services.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".