Phylogeography of <i>Bistorta plumosa</i>, an amphi-Beringian Arctic herb with high genetic variation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The geographic origins of the present-day Arctic flora are complex. Studies of genetic structure provide valuable insights, but remain based on too few species. The Bistorta officinalis complex, poorly known but widely distributed in both alpine and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, includes the Arctic tundra species Bistorta plumosa (Small) Greene in northwestern North America and eastern Asia. We sequenced two plastid DNA regions in 73 samples of B. plumosa and related species from Yukon, Alaska, and Russia, performed Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, and analyzed phylogeographic variation in B. plumosa. We show that B. plumosa represents a distinct amphi-Beringian lineage within the B. officinalis complex. We identified strikingly high genetic diversity within B. plumosa, higher than in most Beringian plant species that have been studied and similar to other species with a long history of persistence in Arctic habitats. The current geographic range of B. plumosa is restricted mostly to unglaciated areas but has high levels of genetic diversity in all parts of the sampled range, indicating little range shift at least since the Last Glacial Maximum. This contrasts with many Arctic tundra species, and emphasizes the variety in patterns of post-Pleistocene range expansion that can underlie similar geographic ranges.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".