Analysis of European Baseline Series Patch Test Results in Adult Patients in Adana Province, Turkey; Single Center Experience
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Background: The allergens that cause sensitivity in patch tests may vary between populations and may even change over the years depending on environmental factors. Objectives: We aimed to determine the frequency of sensitizing allergens in patch tests. Methods: The files of 1001 patients who underwent the European Baseline Series in a reference regional hospital in Turkey were screened. Results: The rate of at least one positivity was found to be 45.3%. The rate of at least one positivity was 48.5% in women and 38.7% in men, which was statistically significant ( P = 0.003). The top three allergens with a positive reaction were nickel sulfate (21.6%), potassium dichromate (6.6%), and cobalt chloride (6.5%), respectively. While the rate of at least one positive case was 44.8% until December 2023, this rate was 48.8% after December 2023. While at least one positivity was 37.7% in those aged 65 and over, it was 45.7% in those under 65 ( P = 0.258). Potassium dichromate positivity was found to be higher in men ( P = 0.007). Nickel sulfate sensitivity was higher in women and under 40 years of age ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Budesonide, fragrance mix I (FMI), FMII sensitivity were observed more in men ( P = 0.003, P = 0.032, P < 0.001, respectively). Peru balsam, FMI, and FMII positivity were more common over 40 years of age ( P = 0.003, P = 0.003, P = 0.008, respectively). After December 2023, potassium dichromate ( P = 0.018) and FMII ( P = 0.025) decreased, while neomycin sulfate ( P = 0.015) increased. Conclusions: Although nickel allergy has decreased with the measures taken against nickel sulfate, nickel sulfate still remains the number one allergen for positive reactions. The increase in positivity for cobalt chloride and p -phenylenediamine, especially neomycin sulfate, suggests that regulatory measures should be taken in this regard. The rate of at least one positivity in patch testing after December 2023 with newly added allergens has increased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".