Perceptual discrimination of complex objects: Apolipoprotein E e4 gene‐dose effects in mid‐life
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Complex perceptual discrimination is supported by tau-vulnerable regions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL); notably the perirhinal cortex. This research tests whether there is a gene-dose effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 on perceptual discrimination in mid-life. METHODS: Three hundred and thirteen adults (45-65 years; grouped by APOE e4 gene-dose (142 APOE33, 135 APOE34, 36 APOE44)) completed a Greebles "odd-one-out" task. RESULTS: APOE44 carriers were significantly less accurate in their perceptual judgments than APOE33 and APOE34 individuals. There was a significant Age x APOE e4 gene-dose interaction in response speed, with the slope of age-related slowing increasing stepwise with the number of e4 alleles carried. Estimates suggest high-risk individuals are quicker than the APOE33 control group until age 54, but slower thereafter. DISCUSSION: Perceptual disadvantages specific to APOE44 individuals suggest this high-risk group show compromised MTL function by mid-life, potentially through accelerated tau-aggregation. Task performance in APOE34 carriers is relatively preserved in mid-life. HIGHLIGHTS: APOE44 carriers show impaired perceptual discrimination in mid-age. APOE34 carriers show preserved perceptual discrimination in mid-age. Age-related slowing of perceptual judgments increases with APOE e4 gene-dose. Perceptual discrimination tasks may be a valuable early marker of AD risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".