Effects of adolescent social instability stress on social reward motivation and dopamine receptor expression in female and male rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Social experiences in adolescence are known to modify ongoing brain and behavioural development. We previously reported that adolescent social instability stress (SS; daily 1 h isolation and pairing with a new cage partner from postnatal days 30-45) reduced social interaction in female and male rats. Here, we investigated whether adolescent SS reduced social motivation and altered dopamine receptor mRNA expression in brain regions involved in social reward in female and male Long-Evans rats. When tested in a social operant conditioning task in adolescence whereby nose-pokes at one gate provided access to a social stimulus and at the other did not, SS rats made more social nose-pokes during training than did CTL rats. SS rats did not differ from CTLs when increased effort was required on the progressive ratio test (PRT; progressively more nose-pokes required to open gate; measure of social motivation). In adulthood, however, SS and CTL rats did not differ during training, although SS female rats had reduced social motivation on the PRT. Further, social motivation was higher in female than in male rats. Irrespective of age at testing, SS rats had increased dopamine receptor subtype 2 (D2), but not dopamine receptor subtype 1, mRNA expression in the medial prefrontal cortex in both sexes and in the nucleus accumbens in female rats. Given the evidence that D2 signaling in such brain regions inhibits social behaviour, the present research suggests that the increase in D2 mRNA expression may underlie the deficits in social behaviour evident in SS rats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".