Effects of supplementing Bacillus subtilis PB6 on health outcomes, Salmonella spp. prevalence, growth performance, and carcass characteristics in finishing beef cattle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective We evaluated the effects of supplementation with Bacillus subtilis PB6 on health outcomes, growth performance, fecal Salmonella prevalence, and carcass characteristics in finishing beef steers supplemented the first 60 d or the entire 224 d of the feeding period with B. subtilis PB6. Materials and Methods Crossbred beef steers (n = 3,150; arrival BW 274 ± 30.6 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 dietary treatments (n = 15 blocks per treatment). Treatments included the following: (1) a control diet contained no B. subtilis PB6 (CON); (2) a diet that included CLOSTAT supplemented with 0.5 g/steer daily of B. subtilis PB6 (CLOSTAT 500, Kemin Industries Inc.) to provide 6.6 × 10 9 cfu/g active ingredient for the entire duration of the feeding period (CLO); or (3) a diet that included B. subtilis PB6 at a dose of 0.5 g/steer daily the initial 60 d of the feeding period (CLO60). Based on established criteria, metaphylaxis was administered after arrival to 7 blocks (21 pens) to prevent bovine respiratory disease. Fresh fecal matter was collected aseptically from multiple locations (n = 10 locations within each pen), and lymph nodes were obtained at slaughter from a subset of carcasses within each lot (n = 12) to determine Salmonella prevalence. Results and Discussion No interactions were observed between treatment and metaphylaxis throughout the study. The percentage of respiratory deaths was greater for steers in CLO60 than CLO and CON from d 0 to 60, but there were no growth performance differences noted among treatments. Likewise, there were no differences in lymph node prevalence of Salmonella among treatments; however, there was a decrease in fecal Salmonella prevalence for CON versus CLO and CLO60 steers from d 45 to 90. Implications and Applications Supplementation of B. subtilis PB6 for the first 60 d or the entire feeding period had no effect on health outcomes, growth performance, and carcass characteristics. Moreover, feeding B. subtilis PB6 for the first 60 d or entire feeding period did not affect Salmonella prevalence in the subiliac lymph nodes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".