Gender differences in cognitive benefits of meeting physical activity guidelines in older Chinese adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective This study investigates the relationship between adherence to WHO physical activity guidelines and cognitive function in older Chinese adults, with a particular focus on gender-specific effects. We hypothesize that meeting physical activity guidelines is positively associated with cognitive function and that the magnitude of this association differs between men and women. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 308 community-dwelling older adults in Nanjing, China (mean age = 68.4 years, SD = 5.6). Participants were stratified by gender and age group (60–70 vs. 71–80 years). Physical activity was objectively measured using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers, and cognitive function was assessed via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between physical activity adherence and cognitive function, adjusting for age, education, BMI, and self-rated health. Gender differences were analyzed using ANOVA, and interaction terms were included to assess moderation effects. Results Older adults meeting the WHO-recommended 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week had significantly higher MoCA scores than non-adherent individuals ( β = 3.67, 95% CI: 3.04–4.29, p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.85). Women showed greater improvements in executive function ( β = 0.79, p = 0.043) and visuospatial abilities ( β = 0.47, p = 0.017), while men demonstrated greater memory gains ( β = 1.31, p < 0.001). A significant interaction between gender and physical activity adherence ( p = 0.008) suggested distinct cognitive benefits across sexes. Conclusion Adherence to physical activity guidelines is associated with cognitive health in older adults, with gender-specific variations in cognitive benefits. These findings underscore the importance of tailored public health interventions that consider gender differences in cognitive aging to optimize cognitive outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".